Perhaps with a boost from such celebrities as Miley Cyrus and Gwyneth Paltrow, the number of Americans showing interest in a gluten-free diet has reached new heights.
Almost a third of U.S. adults (29%) say they want to cut down or eliminate the gluten in their diets, according to new data from the NPD Group, a market research firm. The latest finding is based on interviews with 1,000 adults during the last week of January. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, rye and barley.
That's the highest percentage since the company began asking the question in 2009.
Some people try a gluten-free diet to lose weight because they've heard that's what celebrities are doing, says Andrea Levario, executive director of the American Celiac Disease Alliance. "What people don't realize is that many gluten-free products are higher in fat than other products, and people may not lose weight but actually gain weight eating them."
She says about 1% of the population has celiac disease, which triggers an immune system reaction that causes inflammation in the small intestine when they eat food containing gluten. Common signs and symptoms of the disease may include diarrhea, iron-deficiency anemia, lactose intolerance, fatigue, joint pain, abdominal pain, migraines, depression, short stature and osteoporosis, Levario says.
"For people with celiac disease, the gluten-free diet is medically prescribed. It is the only course of treatment for this life-long chronic condition. It isn't a choice; it is a matter of life and death."
One problem: There's no standard for gluten-free labeling on products in the USA, she says. "We are looking forward to the administration finalizing one in the near future."
Some people may have a similar condition called gluten intolerance or non-celiac gluten sensitivity, Levario says. They don't test positive for celiac disease, yet they have similar symptoms. Though celiac disease, wheat allergy and gluten intolerance are treated with similar diets, they are not the same condition, she says.
"Clearly more people are interested in a gluten-free diet than really need it," says Harry Balzer, NPD's chief industry analyst. "This is the health issue of the day, based on the increase in the number of Americans interested in this subject."
Other NPD data show people are still eating a lot of sandwiches, so they're not skipping bread completely, he says, but they are less likely to have bread with a meal. And in restaurants, they are ordering more gluten-free or wheat-free items than several years ago, NPD found.
Registered dietitian Judi Adams, president of the Wheat Foods Council, says: "We respect all those people who have to go gluten-free, including people with celiac disease or non-celiac gluten sensitivity and some who have irritable bowel syndrome.
"But the people who are using it as a cleansing diet or calorie-controlled diet are using it as a fad diet. People often gain weight when they go on a gluten-free diet, particularly if they substitute products that are higher in calories, fat and sugar."
Fiber is just one of the main nutrients people miss out on if they eliminate all grains, she says.
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