The latest study to look at pop star deaths suggests the odds were stacked against Elvis Presley, Michael Jackson and Amy Winehouse.
But Keith Richards has statistics on his side.
The study reconfirms that music celebrities really are more likely than the rest of us to die young, but it shows that solo artists (such as Presley, Jackson and Winehouse) may face some extra risks, and those who had rough childhoods may be particularly likely to succumb to alcohol and drugs.
Aging European rockers, though, get some good news: Once they've been famous for a quarter-century, they are no more likely than commoners to die before their time. (Richards, the hard-living Rolling Stone who turned 69 this week, is British and has been famous for about 50 years.)
The research, published Wednesday in the online journal BMJ Open, examines the lives of 1,489 pop and rock stars from Europe and North America who became famous between 1956 and 2006. Of those, 137, or 9.2%, had died by early 2012.
The findings build on those from a smaller study published in 2007 that found music stars were nearly twice as likely as the general population to die prematurely, at least in their first decades of fame, says lead researcher Mark Bellis of the Centre for Public Health at Liverpool John Moores University in the United Kingdom.
One new detail: Solo artists -- those who have released at least one solo album -- have twice the risk of early death as those in bands, even when they seem equally famous, Bellis says. Peer support may make a difference, he says. He says it's also possible that solo fame has some extra, corrosive effect on behavior.
The study also hints that rockers who live hard, risky lives with lots of drugs and alcohol often have something in common with non-famous people who take similar risks: childhoods made difficult by abuse, neglect, sick or missing parents or other "adverse childhood experiences." Those have been linked to adult drug and alcohol abuse and to premature death in other studies.
Nearly half of the stars who died from substance abuse, violence or suicide had such factors in their backgrounds, while just one-quarter of those who died otherwise did. The researchers write that the findings suggest "some of the risks accredited to the rock and pop star lifestyle may in fact have more mundane roots."
Bellis says: "They may have exactly the same risk factors as everyone else. Their wealth and fame may give them more access to drugs and alcohol but not be the source of their problems."
If a rock star study brings attention to the link between childhood adversity and adult risks, that will be a good thing, says Marvin Seppala, chief medical officer at Hazelden, an addiction treatment and research organization based in Center City, Minn. "It's increasingly accepted as a risk factor for addiction."
He says he hopes the recording industry takes note and offers artists more support: "They really should want to work to keep these people alive."
Artists established since 1980 have been less likely to die than those who became famous earlier, so that may already be happening, Bellis says.
He says he hopes fans get the message that what they may perceive as a glamorous lifestyle can be dangerous.
The following fields overflowed:
SIGNATURE = 2012-12-20-Rock-stars-most-at-risk-for-early-death-solo-artists_ST_U.xml
To see more of USAToday.com, or to subscribe, go to http://www.usatoday.com
Copyright 2012 USA TODAY, a division of Gannett Co. Inc.